|
Topic
|
Subtopic
|
Statement |
Atom Name |
| Living Environment |
Cells |
Gene mutation in a cell can result in uncontrolled
division called cancer. Exposure of cells to certain chemicals and radiation
increases mutations and thus the chance of cancer. 5C/H6 |
Hallmarks,
Overview
Promoting
Mutations
Promoting
Mutations
Causes, Overview
Causes, Smoking,
all sections
Causes, Smoking:
Killers in Smoke
Causes, Smoking:
"Smoking Gun"
Causes, Smoking:
K-ras
Causes, Smoking:
p53
Causes, Smoking:
Nicotine connection
Causes, Diet
Causes, Diet:
Cause
Causes, Diet:
Cause, Nelson
Causes, Mold
Causes, Mold:
Aflatoxin
Causes, Mold:
Aflatoxin, Groopman
Causes, Mold:
Aflatoxin, Kensler
Causes, Mold:
Aflatoxin action
Causes, Mold:
Aflatoxin action, Kensler
Causes, Sunlight
Causes, Inheritance
Causes, Inheritance:
Cancer gene types
Causes, Inheritance:
Cancer gene types, Vogelstein clip 1
Causes, Inheritance:
Colon cancer
Causes, Inheritance:
Colon cancer, Vogelstein
Causes, Inheritance:
Many steps to cancer
Causes, Inheritance:
Many steps to cancer, Vogelstein clip 1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The genetic information encoded in DNA molecules provides
instructions for assembling protein molecules. 5C/H4a |
Pathways,
Inside the nucleus
Pathways, Making
the protein |
|
|
|
|
|
|
The work of the cell is carried out by the many
different types of molecules it assembles, mostly proteins. Protein molecules
are long, usually folded chains made from 20 different kinds of amino acid
molecules. The function of each protein molecule depends on its specific
sequence of amino acids and its shape. The shape of the chain is a consequence
of attractions between its parts. 5C/H4a
|
Pathways,
Overview |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Complex interactions among the different kinds of molecules in the cell
cause distinct cycles of activities, such as growth and division. Cell
behavior can also be affected by molecules from other parts of the organism
or even other organisms. 5C/H5
|
Pathways,
Overview
Pathways, At
the cell surface
Pathways, Beneath
the membrane
Pathways, A
bevy of interactions
Pathways, To
the nucleus
Pathways, Inside
the nucleus
Pathways, Making
the protein
Pathways, Releasing
the protein |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Food molecules taken into cells react to provide the chemical
constituents needed to synthesize other molecules. C-The
Cell
|
Hallmarks,
Processing nutrients
Hallmarks, Processing
nutrients: Hanahan |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cells have particular structures that underlie their functions. Every
cell is surrounded by a membrane that separates it from the outside world.
Inside the cell is a concentrated mixture of thousands of different molecules
which form a variety of specialized structures that carry out such cell
functions as energy production, transport of molecules, waste disposal,
synthesis of new molecules, and the storage of genetic material. C-The
Cell
|
Pathways,
Overview
Pathways, At
the cell surface
Pathways, Beneath
the membrane
Pathways, A
bevy of interactions
Pathways, To
the nucleus
Pathways, Inside
the nucleus
Pathways, Making
the protein
Pathways, Releasing
the protein |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cell functions are regulated. Regulation occurs both through
changes in the activity of the functions performed by proteins and through
the selective expression of individual genes. This regulation allows cells
to respond to their environment and to control and coordinate cell growth
and division. C-The
Cell |
Causes,
Viruses: HPV and cell cycle
Causes, Smoking:
p53
Causes, Smoking:
K-ras |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cells store and use information to guide their functions.
The genetic information stored in DNA is used to direct the synthesis of
the thousands of proteins that each cell requires. C-The
Cell |
Pathways,
Inside the nucleus
Pathways, Making
the protein |
|
|
|
|
|
Heredity |
Understanding DNA makes possible an explanation of such phenomena
as the similarities and differences between parents and offspring, hereditary
diseases, and the evolution of new species. 5B |
Causes,
Inheritance
Causes, Inheritance:
Colon cancer |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Genes are segments of DNA molecules. Inserting, deleting,
or substituting segments of DNA molecules can alter genes. An altered gene
may be passed on to every cell that develops from it. The resulting features
may help, harm, or have little or no effect on the offspring's success in
its environment. 5B/H4 |
Promoting
Mutations
Causes, Inheritance
Causes, Inheritance:
Colon cancer |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Changes in DNA (mutations) occur spontaneously
at low rates. Some of these changes make no difference to the organism,
whereas others can change cells and organisms. Only mutations in germ cells
can create the variation that changes an organism's offspring. C-Molecular
Basis of Heredity |
Hallmarks,
Overview
Promoting Mutations
Promoting Mutations
Causes, Overview |
|
|
|
|
|
Interdependence of Life |
Given adequate resources and an absence of disease or predators,
populations of organisms in ecosystems increase at rapid rates. Finite resources
and other factors limit their growth. 5D/M3 |
Hallmarks,
Growing uncontrollably
Hallmarks, Growing
uncontrollably: Hanahan
Hallmarks, Overview
Hallmarks, Overview:
Hanahan
Hallmarks, Evading
death
Hallmarks, Evading
death: Hanahan
Hallmarks, Processing
nutrients
Hallmarks, Processing
nutrients: Hanahan
Hallmarks, Becoming
immortal
Hallmarks, Becoming
immortal: Hanahan
Hallmarks, Invading
tissues
Hallmarks, Invading
tissues: Hanahan
Hallmarks, Avoiding
detection
Hallmarks, Avoiding
detection: Stillman
Promoting Mutations
Promoting Mutations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Populations can reach limits to growth. Carrying capacity
is the maximum number of individuals that can be supported ina given environment.
The limitation is not the availability of space, but the number of people
in relation to resources and capacity of earth systems to support human
beings. F-Population
Growth
|
Hallmarks,
Growing uncontrollably
Hallmarks, Growing
uncontrollably: Hanahan
Hallmarks, Overview
Hallmarks, Overview:
Hanahan
Hallmarks, Evading
death
Hallmarks, Evading
death: Hanahan
Hallmarks, Processing
nutrients
Hallmarks, Processing
nutrients: Hanahan
Hallmarks, Becoming
immortal
Hallmarks, Becoming
immortal: Hanahan
Hallmarks, Invading
tissues
Hallmarks, Invading
tissues: Hanahan
Hallmarks, Avoiding
detection
Hallmarks, Avoiding
detection: Stillman
Promoting Mutations
Promoting Mutations |
|
|
|
|
| Human Organism |
Basic Functions |
The immune system functions to protect against microscopic
organisms and foreign substances that enter from outside the body and against
some cancer cells that arise within. 6C/H1 |
Hallmarks,
Avoiding Detection
Hallmarks, Avoiding
detection: Stillman |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Communication between cells is required to coordinate their
diverse activities. Cells may secrete molecules that spread locally to nearby
cells or that are carried in the bloodstream to cells throughout the body.
Nerve cells transmit electrochemical signals that carry information much
more rapidly than is possible by diffusion or blood flow. 6C/H3* |
Hallmarks,
Growing uncontrollably
Hallmarks,
Growing uncontrollably: Hanahan
Hallmarks,
Avoiding detection
Hallmarks,
Avoiding detection: Stillman
Pathways,
Overview
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Some drugs mimic or block the molecules involved in communication
between cells and therefore affect operations of the brain and body. 6C/H3 |
Diagnosis,
Targeted therapies
Diagnosis,
Targeted therapies: Blocking receptors
Diagnosis,
Targeted therapies: Targeting activators
Diagnosis,
Targeted therapies: Targeting activators, Sawyer 2
Diagnosis,
Targeted therapies: Targeting activators, Sawyer 3
Diagnosis,
Targeted therapies: Targeting activators, Sawyer 4
Causes, Mold:
Prevention
Causes, Mold:
Prevention, Kensler clip 1
Causes, Mold:
Prevention, Kensler clip 2 |
|
|
|
|
|
Human Development |
Students should know enough about atoms and molecules to make
sense of the idea that DNA carries instructions for the assembly of proteins,
determining their structure and the rates at which they are made. 6B |
Pathways,
Inside the nucleus
Pathways, Making
the protein |
|
|
|
|
|
Physical Health |
Toxic substances, some dietary habits, and some personal behavior
may be bad for one's health. Some effects show up right away, others years
later. Avoiding toxic substances, such as tobacco, and changing dietary
habits increase the chance of living longer. 6E/M2 |
Causes,
Overview
Causes, Smoking,
all sections
Causes, Smoking:
Lung cancer epidemic
Causes, Smoking:
Killers in Smoke
Causes, Smoking:
"Smoking Gun"
Causes, Smoking:
Nicotine connection
Causes, Diet
Causes, Diet:
Diet and cancer
Causes, Diet:
Diet and Cancer, Nelson clip 1
Causes, Diet:
Diet and Cancer, Nelson clip 2
Causes, Diet:
Cause
Causes, Mold
Causes, Mold:
Aflatoxin
Causes, Mold:
Aflatoxin, Groopman
Causes, Mold:
Aflatoxin, Kensler
Causes, Mold:
Incidence
Causes, Mold:
Incidence, Groopman
Causes, Mold:
Aflatoxin action
Causes, Smoking:
Prevention, Dennis
Causes, Smoking:
Prevention, Sorenson clip 1
Causes, Smoking:
Prevention, Sorenson clip 2
Causes, Smoking:
Prevention, Sorenson clip 3
Causes, Smoking:
Prevention, Sorenson clip 4
Causes, Smoking:
Prevention, Sorenson clip 5
Causes, Diet:
Prevention
Causes, Diet:
Prevention, Nelson
Causes, Diet:
Prevention, Willett clip 1
Causes, Diet:
Prevention, Willett clip 2
Causes, Mold:
Prevention
Causes, Mold:
Prevention, Kensler clip 1
Causes, Mold:
Prevention, Kensler clip 2
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Many diseases can be prevented, controlled, or cured. Some
diseases, such as cancer, result from specific body dysfunctions and cannot
be transmitted. F-Personal
and Community Health
|
Causes,
Overview
Causes, Smoking,
all sections
Causes, Smoking:
Lung cancer epidemic
Causes, Smoking:
Killers in Smoke
Causes, Smoking:
"Smoking Gun"
Causes, Smoking:
Nicotine connection
Causes, Smoking:
Prevention
Causes, Smoking:
Prevention, Dennis
Causes, Smoking:
Prevention, Sorenson clip 1
Causes, Smoking:
Prevention, Sorenson clip 2
Causes, Smoking:
Prevention, Sorenson clip 3
Causes, Smoking:
Prevention, Sorenson clip 4
Causes, Smoking:
Prevention, Sorenson clip 5
Causes, Diet
Causes, Diet:
Diet and cancer
Causes, Diet:
Diet and Cancer, Nelson clip 1
Causes, Diet:
Diet and Cancer, Nelson clip 2
Causes, Diet:
Cause
Causes, Mold
Causes, Mold:
Aflatoxin
Causes, Mold:
Aflatoxin, Groopman
Causes, Mold:
Aflatoxin, Kensler
Causes, Mold:
Incidence
Causes, Mold:
Incidence, Groopman
Causes, Mold:
Aflatoxin action
Causes, Smoking:
Prevention, Dennis
Causes, Smoking:
Prevention, Sorenson clip 1
Causes, Smoking:
Prevention, Sorenson clip 2
Causes, Smoking:
Prevention, Sorenson clip 3
Causes, Smoking:
Prevention, Sorenson clip 4
Causes, Smoking:
Prevention, Sorenson clip 5
Causes, Diet:
Prevention
Causes, Diet:
Prevention, Nelson
Causes, Diet:
Prevention, Willett clip 1
Causes, Diet:
Prevention, Willett clip 2
Causes, Mold:
Prevention
Causes, Mold:
Prevention, Kensler clip 1
Causes, Mold:
Prevention, Kensler clip 2
Causes, Sunlight |
|
|
|
|
| Human Society |
Personal and Community Health |
[Students] can consider personal and social consequences of
individual choices in health (sexual activity, immunization) 7D |
Causes,
Overview
Causes, Smoking,
all sections
Causes, Smoking:
Lung cancer epidemic
Causes, Smoking:
Killers in Smoke
Causes, Smoking:
Nicotine connection
Causes, Diet
Causes, Diet:
Diet and cancer
Causes, Diet:
Diet and Cancer, Nelson clip 1
Causes, Diet:
Diet and Cancer, Nelson clip 2
Causes, Diet:
Cause
Causes, Sunlight |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Personal choice concerning fitness and health involves multiple
factors. Personal goals, peer and social pressures, ethnic and religious
beliefs, and understanding of biological consequences can all influence
decisions about health practices. F-
Personal and Community Health
|
Causes,
Overview
Causes, Smoking,
all sections
Causes, Smoking:
Lung cancer epidemic
Causes, Smoking:
Killers in Smoke
Causes, Smoking:
Nicotine connection
Causes, Diet
Causes, Diet:
Diet and cancer
Causes, Diet:
Diet and Cancer, Nelson clip 1
Causes, Diet:
Diet and Cancer, Nelson clip 2
Causes, Diet:
Cause
Causes, Sunlight |
|
|
|
|
| The Designed World |
Health Technology |
Many diseases are caused by bacteria or viruses. 8F/M5 |
Causes,
Viruses: HPV
Causes, Viruses:
HPV, Steinberg
Causes, Viruses:
HPV, Galloway clip 1
Causes, Viruses:
HPV, Galloway clip 2
Causes, Mold:
Incidence |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Knowledge of molecular structure and interactions aids in
synthesizing new drugs and predicting their effects. 8F/H5 |
Diagnosis,
Targeted therapies
Diagnosis,
Targeted therapies: Blocking receptors
Diagnosis,
Targeted therapies: Targeting activators
Diagnosis,
Targeted therapies: Targeting activators, Sawyer 1
Diagnosis,
Targeted therapies: Targeting activators, Sawyer 2
Diagnosis,
Targeted therapies: Targeting activators, Sawyer 3
Diagnosis,
Targeted therapies: Targeting activators, Sawyer 4
Causes, Mold:
Prevention
Causes, Mold:
Prevention, Kensler clip 1
Causes, Mold:
Prevention, Kensler clip 2
Diagnosis,
Pharmacogenetics |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Knowledge of genetics is opening whole new fields of health
care. In diagnosis, mapping of genetic instructions in cells makes it possible
to detect defective genes that may lead to poor health. In treatment, substances
from genetically engineered organisms may reduce the cost and side effects
of replacing missing body chemicals. 8F/H3 |
Diagnosis,
Pathology
Diagnosis,
Pathology: Demarzo clip 1
Diagnosis,
Pathology: Demarzo clip 2
Diagnosis,
Pathology: Demarzo clip 3
Diagnosis,
Pharmacogenetics |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Inoculations use weakened germs (or parts of them) to stimulate
the body's immune system to react. This reaction prepares the body to fight
subsequent invasions by actual germs of that type. Some inoculations last
for life. 8F/H4 |
Causes,
Mold: Incidence, Groopman |
|
|
|
|
|
Understandings about Science and Technology |
Scientists in different disciplines ask different questions,
use different methods of investigation, and accept different types of evidence
to support their explanations. E-Understandings
about Science and Technology
|
Diagnosis,
Pathology
Diagnosis,
Pathology: Demarzo clip 1
Diagnosis,
Pathology: Demarzo clip 2
Diagnosis,
Pathology: Demarzo clip 3
Diagnosis,
Pharmacogenetics
Diagnosis,
Targeted therapies
Diagnosis,
Targeted therapies: Blocking receptors
Diagnosis,
Targeted therapies: Targeting activators
Diagnosis,
Targeted therapies: Targeting activators, Sawyer 1
Diagnosis,
Targeted therapies: Targeting activators, Sawyer 2
Diagnosis,
Targeted therapies: Targeting activators, Sawyer 3
Diagnosis,
Targeted therapies: Targeting activators, Sawyer 4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Science often advances with the introduction of new technologies.
Solving technological problems often results in new scientific knowledge.
New technologies often extend the current levels of scientific understanding
and introduce new areas of research. E-Understandings
about Science and Technology |
Diagnosis,
Pharmacogenetics |
|
|
|
|
| Mathematical World |
Symbolic Relationships |
Tables, graphs, and symbols are alternative ways of representing
data and relationships that can be translated from one to another. 9B/H4 |
Causes,
Smoking: Lung cancer epidemic
Causes, Overview
Causes, Inheritance:
Colon cancer
Causes, Sunlight
Causes, Inheritance
Causes, Diet:
Cause
Causes, Mold:
Incidence |
|
|
|
|
| Historical Perspective |
Discovering Germs |
Vaccines induce the body to build immunity to a disease without
actually causing the disease itself. 10I/M3b |
Causes,
Mold: Incidence, Groopman |
|
|
|
|
|
History and Nature of Science |
Much can be learned abou the internal workings of science
and the nature of science from study of individual scientists, their daily
work, and their efforts to advance scientific knowledge in their area of
study. G-Historical
Perspectives
|
Hallmarks,
Overview
Hallmarks, Overview:
Hanahan
Hallmarks, Growing
uncontrollably
Hallmarks, Growing
uncontrollably: Hanahan
Hallmarks, Evading
death
Hallmarks, Evading
death: Hanahan
Hallmarks, Processing
nutrients
Hallmarks, Processing
nutrients: Hanahan
Hallmarks, Becoming
immortal
Hallmarks, Becoming
immortal: Hanahan
Hallmarks, Invading
tissues
Hallmarks, Invading
tissues: Hanahan
Hallmarks, Avoiding
detection
Hallmarks, Avoiding
detection: Stillman
Promoting Mutations
Promoting Mutations
Causes, Smoking:
Nicotine connection
Causes, Smoking:
Prevention
Causes, Smoking:
Prevention, Dennis
Causes, Smoking:
Prevention, Sorenson clip 1
Causes, Smoking:
Prevention, Sorenson clip 2
Causes, Smoking:
Prevention, Sorenson clip 3
Causes, Smoking:
Prevention, Sorenson clip 4
Causes, Smoking:
Prevention, Sorenson clip 5
Causes, Inheritance
Causes, Inheritance:
Cancer gene types
Causes, Inheritance:
Cancer gene types, Vogelstein clip 1
Causes, Inheritance:
Cancer gene types, Vogelstein clip 2
Causes, Inheritance:
Colon cancer
Causes, Inheritance:
Colon cancer, Vogelstein
Causes, Inheritance:
Many steps to cancer
Causes, Inheritance:
Many steps to cancer, Vogelstein clip 1
Causes, Inheritance:
Many steps to cancer, Vogelstein clip 2
Causes, Diet
Causes, Diet:
Diet and cancer
Causes, Diet:
Diet and Cancer, Nelson clip 1
Causes, Diet:
Diet and Cancer, Nelson clip 2
Causes, Diet:
Diet and Cancer, Nelson clip 3
Causes, Diet:
Cause
Causes, Diet:
Cause, Nelson
Causes, Diet:
Prevention
Causes, Diet:
Prevention, Nelson
Causes, Diet:
Prevention, Willett clip 1
Causes, Diet:
Prevention, Willett clip 2
Causes, Mold
Causes, Mold:
Aflatoxin
Causes, Mold:
Aflatoxin, Groopman
Causes, Mold:
Aflatoxin, Kensler
Causes, Mold:
Incidence
Causes, Mold:
Incidence, Groopman
Causes, Mold:
Aflatoxin action
Causes, Mold:
Aflatoxin action, Kensler
Causes, Mold:
Prevention
Causes, Mold:
Prevention, Kensler clip 1
Causes, Mold:
Prevention, Kensler clip 2
Causes, Viruses:
HPV
Causes, Viruses:
HPV, Steinberg
Causes, Viruses:
HPV, Galloway clip 1
Causes, Viruses:
HPV, Galloway clip 2
Causes, Viruses:
HPV and cell cycle
Causes, Sunlight
Diagnosis,
Pathology
Diagnosis,
Pathology: Demarzo clip 1
Diagnosis,
Pathology: Demarzo clip 2
Diagnosis,
Pathology: Demarzo clip 3
Diagnosis,
Pharmacogenetics
Diagnosis,
Targeted therapies
Diagnosis,
Targeted therapies: Blocking receptors
Diagnosis,
Targeted therapies: Targeting activators
Diagnosis,
Targeted therapies: Targeting activators, Sawyer 1
Diagnosis,
Targeted therapies: Targeting activators, Sawyer 2
Diagnosis,
Targeted therapies: Targeting activators, Sawyer 3
Diagnosis,
Targeted therapies: Targeting activators, Sawyer 4 |
|
|
|
|
| Common Themes |
Models |
A mathematical model uses rules and relationships to describe
and predict objects and events in the real world. 11B/H1a |
Causes,
Smoking: Lung cancer epidemic |
|
|
|
|
|
Constancy and Change |
Graphs and equations are useful (and often equivalent) ways
for depicting and analyzing patterns of change. 11C/H4 |
Causes,
Smoking: Lung cancer epidemic |
|
|
|
|
